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The influence of microbiome to pesticide resistence of stored product mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae
Bostlová, Marie ; Hubert, Jan (advisor) ; Mourek, Jan (referee)
Model organism used in this study is stored product mite specifically Tyrophagus putrescentiae. Presence of microorganisms may cause physiological changes (especially changes of immune system) which can result in different pesticide tolerance of tested mite population. The most effective way how to control mite is by acaricide application. We compare the reaction of two T. putrescentiae populations to pesticide treatment. The mite population differ in symbiont composition: symbiotic population 5P containing Wolbachia and asymbiotic population 5Pi with absence of Wolbachia. We observe negative effect of all tested treatments to mite reproduction rate. We used filter paper tests, growing tests and microbiome analyzes. High concentrations of pesticides in the diet reduced the presence of Wolbachia, Bartonella, and Bacillus bacteria in the 5P symbiotic population. This phenomenon was less noticeable in the asymbiotic population. Medium concentration of deltamethrin and primifos methyl increased diversity in the symbiotic population but not in asymbiotic one. The results showed that the asymbiotic population did not have a significantly different tolerance to pesticides compared to the asymbiotic population. However, they showed that the presence of pesticides in the diet affects the composition of the...
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The effect of abiotic factors on house dust mites Dermatophagoides farinae
Vacková, Tereza ; Hubert, Jan (advisor) ; Zemek, Rostislav (referee)
House dust mites are one of the most important allergenic agents found in households worldwide. The biology of these mites is significantly affected by hygrothermal factors - especially by temperature and humidity. The study is focused on the influence of temperature and humidity to the behavior of Dermatophagoides farinae within a thermal gradient (simulating a vertical section of a mattress), on its metabolism (represented by respiration rate) and population growth. Within a constant thermal gradient (19-41 řC) run for 24 h D. farinae mites most often received food in the sector with a temperature range of 32-36 řC. In experiment with 5 days of alternating cycles of the same gradient (8 h / day) and room temperature (16 h / day) was the sector with a temperature range of 32-36 řC for mite's feeding also the most prefered. In contrast, in both variants of the experiment, non-feeding mites preferred the sector with a temperature range of 19-23 řC (or rather, the largest number of them were found in this sector during the evaluation). During the measurement of respiration, mites of this species showed significant CO2 production when were incubated at temperatures of 25- 30 řC. Out of the studied combinations of temperature and humidity, the highest respiration was measured when mites were incubated...
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The effect of constant temperature and moisture to house dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae
Gajdová, Tereza ; Hubert, Jan (advisor) ; Žůrek, Luděk (referee)
House dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae inhabit house dust worldwide. These commensals are for humans harmful especially as producers of many allergens. According to Klimov-OConnor's hypothesis, these mites had a parasitic ancestor who had evolved into a free-living form during the evolution. This thesis focuses on another possible aspect of this transition: it compares optimal hygrothermal conditions for development, reproduction, and population growth of Dermatophagoides dust mites with those which are preferred by the house dust mite's related - parasitic genera Sarcoptes and Psoroptes. Since all these three genera are closely related, it was analyzed whether their hygrothermal preferences would be similar in any respect. However, the results of this literature review suggest that dust mites - compared to their parasitic relatives - prefer combinations of lower temperatures and humidity. Like the representatives of the convergent group of storage mites - e. g. Tyrophagus putrescentiae and Acarus siro. Apart from the comparison of the preferred conditions of previously mentioned genera, this thesis also presents a summary of the effect of different combinations of temperatures and humidity on the duration of development, fecundity, and the population growth of...
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Can symbiotic bacteria of storage mite Acarus siro alter its response to biocides?
Navrátilová, Blanka ; Hubert, Jan (advisor) ; Mourek, Jan (referee)
Storage mite Acarus siro is one of the most distributed stored product mites in the world. It infests various products (grains, dried fruits, meat products, animal feed etc.) and causes allergic reactions in humans. For these reasons, it is important to find an effective strategy to suppress or even better to eliminate the mite from the storing facilities. Historically, there have been reported cases of the mite being resistant to several pesticides. In this thesis, four populations of Acarus siro were exposed to pesticides in different concentrations - first in the form of solutions and next as a diet additive. The populations showed divergent sensitivity to four selected pesticides (pirimiphos-methyl, chlorpyriphos-methyl, deltamethrin and deltamethrin in combination with piperonyl butoxide). The biggest differences were recorded in response to solutions of pirimiphos-methyl. This pesticide was then added to standard rearing diet in five concentrations. The mite populations were exposed to this died for 3 weeks. Control and pesticide-treated diet microbiome analyses revealed that 0.0125 µg×g-1 concentration causes hormoligosis in 6L and 6Tu strains. The same concentration was responsible for microbiome change in 6Z strain. Exposure to 1,25 µg×g-1 concentration caused microbial shifts in 6Z and...
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The effect of constant temperature and moisture to house dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae
Gajdová, Tereza ; Hubert, Jan (advisor) ; Žůrek, Luděk (referee)
House dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae inhabit house dust worldwide. These commensals are for humans harmful especially as producers of many allergens. According to Klimov-OConnor's hypothesis, these mites had a parasitic ancestor who had evolved into a free-living form during the evolution. This thesis focuses on another possible aspect of this transition: it compares optimal hygrothermal conditions for development, reproduction, and population growth of Dermatophagoides dust mites with those which are preferred by the house dust mite's related - parasitic genera Sarcoptes and Psoroptes. Since all these three genera are closely related, it was analyzed whether their hygrothermal preferences would be similar in any respect. However, the results of this literature review suggest that dust mites - compared to their parasitic relatives - prefer combinations of lower temperatures and humidity. Like the representatives of the convergent group of storage mites - e. g. Tyrophagus putrescentiae and Acarus siro. Apart from the comparison of the preferred conditions of previously mentioned genera, this thesis also presents a summary of the effect of different combinations of temperatures and humidity on the duration of development, fecundity, and the population growth of...
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Microbial association with house dust mites
Molva, Vít ; Hubert, Jan (advisor) ; Žůrek, Luděk (referee)
The house dust mites (HDM; Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) obtain nutrients from the debris of the skin, hairs and nails, that get off the human and animal body. These debris are covered by microorganisms and the microorganisms are the key factor in the survival of HDM in human-made environments. In this study we made manipulative experiments with the extract from spent growth medium (SPGM). SPGM is the medium after mite cultivation, composed from mite feces, debris of the diet, dead mite bodies and microorganisms. The extract from SPGM (one and three-month-old mite cultures) was used as the source of microorganism to transfer them into diet of D. farinae a D. pteronyssinus. The composition of the bacterial and fungal microbiomes differed between the HDM species, but the SPGM extract addition into diet influenced only the bacterial profile of D. farinae. In the D. farinae microbiome of specimens on SPGM-treated diets compared to those of the control situation, the Lactobacillus spp. profile decreased, while the Cardinium, Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, and Sphingomonas profiles increased. The addition of SPGM extract decreased the microbial respiration in the microcosms with and without mites in almost all cases. Adding SPGM did not influence the population growth of D. farinae,...
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Bacteria associated to red poultry mite (Dermanyssus gallinae)
Molva, Vít ; Hubert, Jan (advisor) ; Smrž, Jaroslav (referee)
The poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) (Acari: Mesostigmata) is a hematophagous ectoparasite of poultry, cage birds, mammals and humans. Infection of poultry by poultry red mites (PRM) induce the decrease of egg production, weight gain and fitness. The massive infestation of the PRM can cause the death of the bird. The PRM is danger for human due to his ability of transport bacteria and virus of one host to the other. This review summarize the association of putative pathogenic and symbiotic bacteria with the PRM. There are studies, when PRM is considered as a vector of pathogenic bacteria. The transmission of Salmonella spp. has been observed frequently using PCR and/or cultivation. Listeria monocytogenes has been associated with the PRM only in one study, in which is not clear if the PRM really transport this bacteria or they just appear in the same time and the same place. The transport of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was in one work approved, but the demonstration of transport wasn't successful in other experiment. The role of the PRM in transport Bartonella quintana (causative agent of trench fever) is also not clear. The PRM and B. quintana appeared in the same time in the bird nest near the attic and there were attacked a family with high socioeconomic status by trench fever. However is...
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Interactions "symbiotic" or "parasitic" bacteria Cardinium and Wolbachia with mites (Acari)
Hejdánková, Sylvie ; Hubert, Jan (advisor) ; Smrž, Jaroslav (referee)
The thesis reviews known information and findings describing the interactions of bacteria Candidatus Cardinium hertigii (Sphingobacteriales: Flexibacteraceae) and Wolbachia pipientis (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) with mites (Acari). Both bacteria are known as symbionts or reproductive parasites and has been found in many species of arthropods. Here, the morphological characterization and localization of bacteria in their hosts and ecological interactions are revised and described. The main known interactions between these bacteria and mites lead to cytopasmic incompatibility, parthenogenesis, feminization and hybrid breakdown. The mites can be infected by both bacteria (Cardinium and Wolbachia), i. e. double infections, or by several strains of bacteria, i. e. multiple infections. The possible aplication of symbiotic/parasitic bacteria in the control of pest mites is discussed. The studied bacteria are suitable models for desription of the arthropod bacterial interactions.
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Certified technological procedure of laboratory tests of acaricidal compounds against stored product mites
Hubert, Jan ; Nesvorná, Marta ; Stará, Jitka
The certified technological procedure was developed in order to support Czech national legislation - Act No. 258/2000. The procedure is aimed at the protection of stored plant substrates against infestation of mites (Acari: Astigmata). The procedure includes two tested methods (i) impregnated filter paper test and (ii) population growth tests. The procedure includes novel findings describing the discrimination doses of acaricidal compounds to the mites. The doses are useful for identification of resistance. The described methods enable the comparison of efficacy of different acaricidal compounds as well as the comparison of toxic effect to various populations of mites.
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